Ethical Analysis of the Eight Mile Road Hearsay

Ethical Analysis of the Eight Mile Road Hearsay Restatement of the Facts I work as a nuclear engineer in the thermal-hydraulic analysis department of a company that builds reactors. During my analysis of a power plant, I had a telephone conversation with an engineer at the Eight Mile Road nuclear power plant about an incident that had occurred at Toledo. The power plant at Toledo had experienced a small over-pressurization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Analysis of the Eight Mile Road Hearsay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, the pressure relief valve opened in order to release steam and to reduce pressure. Unfortunately, the valve did not close, despite giving the indication that it was closed. As a result, the plant’s operator stopped high-pressure injection because of an apparent recovery of the system. However, this action was supposed to be taken only after the primary system had achieved a sub-cooled state. Based on the data obt ained from the power plant, the system was in a two-phase state. Consequently, it lacked adequate capacity to accommodate the termination of high-pressure injection. During the non-injection flow period, significant amount of fluid was lost. Nonetheless, the pressurizer continued to indicate high-pressure level. According to the operator, the core could have uncovered with the fuel being damaged if the incident had occurred in a reactor operating at full power and significant burn-up. Having spoken to the engineer, I wrote a memo describing the situation to my boss. The boss promised to forward the memo to his superior in order to warn similar plants. However, the memo was not forwarded since the information was not obtained through an official channel. I was advised to obtain an official memo describing the problem from the engineer at Toledo in order to continue pursuing the issue. Unfortunately, the engineer said that he could not write the memo immediately due to lack of time. A nalysis of the Situation In this situation, my actions had potential effects on several stakeholders. These include me as an engineer, the company that I work for, the employees of the plant, the community living around the plant, and the nuclear industry. I have various types of duties to each of these stakeholders. As an engineer in charge of thermal-hydraulic analysis, I have a duty to myself to perform my duties to the best of my abilities, as well as, to prioritize the health, safety, and welfare of the public. To the company that I work for, I have a duty to provide information that helps in improving the design and safety standards of all nuclear reactors.Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I also have a duty to the employees working at the plant at Toledo, as well as, the community living around it. In this regard, my duty is to identify potential causes of acc idents and to ensure that appropriate actions are taken to address them. To the nuclear industry, I have a duty to serve the interest of the public in order to improve the image of the industry. Given the sensitivity of the incident at Toledo, I consulted a follow engineer in my department who emphasized the importance of using official communication channels to report imminent accident cases. My colleague stated that I needed to present an official document that describes the situation at Toledo in an objective and truthful manner in order to convince my boss to act immediately. Since I did not have an official document, I began to explore alternative courses of action, which included the following. First, I could persuade my boss to pass on the memo and to warn other plants of similar designs. In this case, I would highlight the seriousness of the problem in order to convince the boss to act immediately. Secondly, I could persuade the engineer at Toledo to create time and write th e memo immediately since averting an accident is more important than other assignments. This would enable my boss to take immediate action to prevent any accidents. Third, I could ignore my boss and forward the memo directly to other plants in order to warn them of an imminent accident. This would enable operators of similar plants to take preventive measures in time and avoid nuclear accidents. Fourth, I could go to the plant and investigate the problem. Consequently, I would be able to prepare and submit an official report to my boss to address the situation. Finally, I could write to the industry regulator about the incident and ask for immediate action to be taken to address the problem. The first course of action is based on the assumption that the boss would change his mind and pass on the memo by considering the seriousness of the problem. However, this might not have been the case if the boss disputed the facts about the incident. In option three, the memo would be rejected due to lack of factual material about the Toledo incident. Besides, ignoring my boss would strain our work relationship. The fourth option would not work since investigating the incident requires a lot of time. The fifth course of action would be inappropriate since I had not exhausted all internal means of addressing the problem. Thus, I would choose option two to address the situation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Analysis of the Eight Mile Road Hearsay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Overall Analysis of the Solution The second course of action would be appropriate since the engineer at Toledo would provide facts about the problem to enable my boss to make the right decision. This option fulfills the ethical values of responsibility and integrity. In particular, convincing the engineer to write the memo would enable us to access facts that would enable my boss to exercise good judgment. Additionally, t he facts would enhance accountability, truthfulness, and reliability in my work as I pursue the issue. In this regard, option two would enable me to fulfill my duties to various stakeholders. For instance, I would be able to provide my company with the correct information to facilitate improvement of safety in nuclear plants. Moreover, it would enable me to fulfill my duty of ensuring the safety of the community living around the Toledo power plant. Thus, I would convince the engineer at Toledo to write the memo immediately. If he refused, I would ask him to request one of his colleagues at the plant to write the memo. After receiving the memo, I would make recommendations for a change in the design of nuclear plants such as the one at Toledo. The changes would ensure that faulty pressure relief valves are replaced with functioning ones (USNRC). Additionally, I would ensure that all plants have functioning indicators for pressure level and pressure relief valves. Harris, Charles, M ichael Pritchard and Michael Robins. Engineering Ethics: Concepts and Cases. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013. Print. Robinson, Simon, Ross Dixon and Christopher Preece. Engineering, Business and Professional Ethics. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008. Print. USNRC. Backgrounder on the Three Mile Island Accident. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 28 Mar. 1979. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Social Categorization and Social Construction theory

Social Categorization and Social Construction theory Free Online Research Papers It is through social interactions that have put people to act and react implication to others. Due to the social interactions we learn what is acceptable and what is not. Over time these rules become internalised within us and eventually become an unconscious part of our lives and our identity. Social identity theory asserts that group membership creates in group self-categorisation and enhancement in ways that favour the in group at the expense of the out-group and associating with a group even under minimal circumstances is enough to create in group out-group hostility. I will explore the effects of the contact theory or intergroup behaviour. It is also the aim of this essay to explain what is meant by the term social construction and social categorisation and how these two theories have further to our understanding of identity. Social categorisation is viewed as a perception cognition or behaviour that is influenced by peoples recognition that day and other are members of distinct social groups. Relations between social groups can have far reaching and persuasive effects on the behaviour of member of these groups, effects that go well and beyond situations of face-to-face intergroup encounters. Social construction his used to describe how we as humans understand how the world is conscripted in and through social relations there are many different ways of understanding the same issue, rather than they had been an objective reality. Our behaviour is regulated by guidelines, which make everyday life predictable and understandable causing us to behave in a certain way the way that is seen as the norm. Housework provides a good example of the social construction being seen as the norm in Western societies many people thought that it was natural for women to be whipped rather than men to do all the housework. (Phoenix, 2002). It seemed natural because that was what usually happened and continued for as long as people remembered. The next sample of a construction was taken from natural because it had been the excepted pattern for a long time it wasnt until the feminist viewpoint argued for equality for women, that the idea was that it is not natural for women to do all the housework that another construction developed. Tajfel devised an intriguing paradigm to exploring the effects of intergroup behaviour using minimal effects (Tajfel, 1982). Two random groups of children were made, but allegedly on the basis of their express preference for paintings by two different artists. The children only knew the group table in with the identity of out-group and fellow in group members concealed. The result showed the children strongly favoured their own group they adopted the in group favouritism strategy despite such minimal effects and how this was created on the basis of a flimsy criteria. The robust finding from hundreds of minimal group experiments conducted is that the mere fact of being categorised as the group members seems to be necessary to produce ethnocentrism and competitive intra group behaviour. Social identity phenomena are motivated by two underlying processes self enhancement and uncertainty reduction. One of the key premises of the social identity approach is that group stand in status and pressed each relation to one another some groups are simply more prestigious and higher status than other. Jane Elliott, made a short movie called the eye of the storm, of a classroom demonstration in which he divided her class of very young children into those with blue and those with brown eyes. For one day the brown eyes, and then for one day the blue eyes were assigned inferior status, hence they were ridiculed, denied privileges. In a follow-up study of the students when they were 18, Elliot found that they reported themselves as being more tolerant of differences between groups and actively opposed to prejudice. Wright (1997) and his colleagues suggested that intergroup friendship between others if my friend John has close out group of friends then maybe the out-group isnt quite as bad as I thought. When people are separated they are likely to experienced hostility, resulting in failure to understand the reason for their actions. Lack of contact means theres no way of checking out interpretations of others. Bringing people into contact with each other should make them seem more familiar, and at least offer the possibility that negative cycle can be interrupted and even reversed. We have seen that by just allocating individuals to groups can create prejudice for and against individuals. Prejudice allow self-esteem to be enhanced by belonging to the positive group, creating hostility to others seen as inferior, for no reason other than that individuals are allocated social categories. Individuals also advocate themselves to a groups of higher social standing using social mobility e.g. through promotion in employment, leaving behind what was seen as being inferior. In social construction, language is a powerful tool, used to justify particular perspective, an example of the unused is that of (Potter and Wetherell,1987) which illustrates this whether we call someone a freedom fighter or a terrorist, the two terms can refer to the same person in each constructs a different way of viewing that person and the world. Social construction is an idea which may appear to be natural and obvious to those who accept it, but in reality it is an invention of a particular culture or society. The social constructionist approach allows us to change our identity throughout our lives, as Gergen’s did when he was forced to eventually to use a computer instead of a pen. As we have seen social constructionist is concerned with how we use categories to structure our experience of the world they believe that the way we understand the world are not natural, but are constructed between people in everyday social interactions, that identity is fluid and changing from one social situation to another. Social constructionist Kiwis reject the notion that people have one core identity that is the centre of who they are. Instead they suggest that people have many different identities, and that these are de-centred because they always operative in relation to other identities. We have seen that identities are not fixed, but are fluid, complex and diverse. There is the interrelationship between the social and personal identities which are constantly contradicting and competing, opening up opportunities for diversity. Individuals to have multiple identities which can do change throughout their life. People can often categorise themselves into different groups, they can choose to adopt their identities to the group they want to belong. People are constantly changing and adopting new identities to suit themselves, adapting and enhancing their self-esteem, which makes us uniquely human and different from other animals. Evidence has shown that contact and education causes people to recognise that they are in face a great deal more similar than they had initially thought which helps us better understand intergroup behaviours and ways of resolving a negative prototype perception of the out-group. Final word count – 1065 References. * Open University Part two Scenario 1 Question 1 This study is not consistent with the guidelines. Whenever varies possible consent of the child has to be obtained. Parents’ consent is required for disclosure of confidential information, and in this case the investigator must receive approval from ethics committee. Special safeguarding procedures are required with children. In United Kingdom a researcher requires a CRB. Children should be given as much opportunity is possible to be explained the nature, purpose and anticipated of taking part, and also be made aware of right to withdraw. Consent is to be asked throughout experiment not just in the beginning, children should feel comfortable. It is advised to refrain from research based upon observation of public behaviour to those situations in which persons being studied might expect to be it cant be said that children would think they would be as they are young. Question 2 In studying childrens play behaviour, it would be wise to contact a local preschool teacher and get consent approval not only from the teacher but also the parents and children, as well approval from ethics committee. Importantly a CRB would be required. After consent has been granted, and all parties have been briefed and given the okay to video record and observe the research would be carried out on a daily basis recording the children in their natural environment over a period of time. On a regular basis right to withdraw would be reminded, and an assurance that everybody is comfortable. The children would be recorded throughout the day whilst they are engaging in playtime to see how they interact with one another. In this environment if anything gets out of hand, the teacher is present and therefore the investigator does not need to get involved, or refrain from resulting in putting anybody in danger. Scenario 2 Question 1 She could have asked the group of people for their consent to participate in the experiment. Make them aware of the nature, purpose and anticipation and their right to withdraw. Keep an adequate record of when, and how and from whom consent was obtained. Ask if they wish to disclose their identity or remain anonymous. She should ask for permission to record the participants. Verify they are competent and are not under the age of 16 otherwise permission from a parent or guardian may be required. Question 2 The researcher might have to be careful if the participant has asked to remain anonymous and be careful whilst quoting as it may threaten to reveal their identity. Another reason might be that the participant never gave consent to be recorded and or quoted which is against the ethics as consent is required, or participant may have withdrawn therefore evidence needs to be destroyed. Question 3 The researcher could make a semi structured interview, and that includes eating disorder questions and other topics to prevent realisation. In this form they can try to find young students who would be willing to participate, and be told their opinion is required on various topics. They would be asked permission for audio recording, and quoting, also debriefed and told of their right to withdraw, and whether or not they like to remain anonymous. Perhaps once the data has been compiled they can be told of the full intentions of the experiment, as the specifics of finding opinions towards eating disorders, and then to be again asked whether or not they would like to withdraw, if they do so the data has to be destroyed. Scenario 3 Question 1 The most relevant is the ethical principle respect, because in this section it asked to respect cultural, religious, and race therefore that relates to the experiment as it is based on religious identity. It is an opinionated questionnaire and this ethics principal asked to respect participant’s knowledge, insight, experience and expertise. As this experiment will be recorded this principle also states that the proper procedure in regards with audio recording, and in regards with consent, right to withdraw. The participant isnt clearly told that opinion is only needed on subject rather than a number of, this section states that withholding information from clients is only exceptional to preserve the integrity of research, and this was the case it was to reduce sociably desirable responses. Question 2 I would rather gather a random group of young teens and inform them that their valuable opinion is required regarding several topics. They would be debriefed with the experiment, asked whether or not they wish to withhold their identity, consent would be needed regarding audio recording and quoting participants. Their rights to withdraw would also be made clear. They would be reassured this is not a test. Question 3 I would fully provide my intentions behind the experiment, that it was a focus topic I was researching on. I would give this additional information because I would have gotten answers from the participant without a cofounding variable, then knowing the intentions behind it, and to avoid any further deception I would make my intentions known, and gives them the right to withdraw if they wish, and if they do so I would then destroy any gathered data including audio recordings. Research Papers on Social Categorization and Social Construction theoryEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThree Concepts of PsychodynamicInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesWhere Wild and West Meet19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Fifth HorsemanResearch Process Part One

You can choose the topic you want Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

You can choose the topic you want - Essay Example The great kings waged wars to plant their ideas in the sands of times; the civilizations built pyramids and grand mausoleums to perpetuate their identity, the composers and artists created works of wonder and beauty to resist and obliterate the sway of change, still the eternal fact is that eventually everything gave way before the waves of time and decay and nothing in this world has ever been able to resist or destroy the concept and existence of change. The only panacea and way out before humanity is to acknowledge the power of change and to accept it once and for all that change is always to stay, no matter how hard one tries. Unexceptionally, every aspect of human life stands witness to the supremacy of change and the evanescence of permanence. Be it the stream of human existence and interpersonal relationships, the civilization aspect of mankind, the ups and downs of politics and ideological aspects of humanity, all depict the prominence of change and mutation. For example, consider the sphere of human relationships and family life. Is there any aspect of family life that could be considered permanent? Two people fall in love and in that moment of love, everything seems to be wispy and beautiful. However, the dictates of society and the nature of evolving relationships tie them in the bonds of matrimony. This not only changes the social appearance of their relationship, but also alters the emotional content of their concerns and priorities. Suddenly, what was once wonderful and charming is imbued with a feeling of responsibility and bonding. Then come in children, and this adds many other dimensions to the relationship. Children begin to grow, and each stage of their growth, be it childhood, teenage, adolescence and youth brings in its share of sweet and bitter experiences. Then the children leave, the nest gets empty, creeps in old age

Media Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media Literacy - Essay Example And Im never the kind of person to base reality on the contents of a movie because, if that were the deal, the movie industry would be crap. I am genuinely interested in Jack and Rose, the main characters of Titanic. Their romance is not based on eternity and doesn’t consist of well-versed lines or cliches. They seem like real people brought together by difficult circumstances. Its refreshing to watch two people hawking loogies off the boat deck and having a great time together. There is sexual tension, but it doesnt dominate. It feels like one of those relationships that when the passion wears off you still have a deep, abiding friendship and love. And, above all, they dont assume they will love each other forever and dont let each other get in between living life to the fullest. They are just living day by day as are the rest of us. Trying to get by. Something that is so heartbreaking is the way the characters lose this innocence throughout the movie as the plot unravels. They change throughout the story and through their devastating experiences. We see Rose board the Titanic feeling trapped and bogged down by the superficial upper class society, and doesnt ever believe she can break free. But, by the end of the movie, she is free and goes on to live a very colorful life. On the other hand, we have Jack who is free and, well, a drifter. Hes gotten around a lot, but theres a very endearing innocence and good nature to his personality that casts a light-hearted feel on the first half of the show. Sadly, he doesnt live to see the day following the sinking and, while the ship is going down, its interesting to watch his facial expressions because I see pain, fear, and a sort of disillusionment. The special effects in this film are absolutely amazing. In the first half of the movie, our eyes are able to drink in the costumes and striking reconstruction of the actual ship. The second half always sends chills down my spine because it transports you to

The Victorious Youth Essay Example for Free

The Victorious Youth Essay The Victorious Youth is a Grecian bronze sculpture dated to be between 300-100 B.C. whereas the Riace Warrior was older and was probably made between 460-450 B.C. The Greeks had their art of portraiture, in which a victorious youth would lend his features to images of the gods, while the portrait of the general, the philosopher, or the poet was fashioned like a statue of the divine, and was given superhuman touches.   The divine remained a generalization and intensification of the human. The Greeks did not endeavor to reproduce particular details, but to present a picture in which had been elaborated the idea they embodied.   Hence the victorious Youth has more god-like features whereas the Riace warrior has been given superhuman characteristics.   Also, the Victorious youth is wearing a wreath on his head which is a symbol of victory and kingship in Grecian art. In the case of the Riace warrior, its   attitude of defiance represents the moral force of the people it symbolizes. The Victorious Youth appears to be more relaxed and the olive wreath on his head identifies him as a victorious athlete. The muscles on the Riace Warrior are very naturalistically sculpted. Both the sculptures depict the concept of weight shift as they both rest on one leg each.   The Riace warrior, however, seems more tense and his muscles taut, as if waiting for something in anticipation. The hair and the beard seem more intrinsically sculpted compared to those of the Victorious Youth. Not only is that but the expression on the face of the Victorious Youth more dreamy and distant whereas that on the face of the Riace Warrior is more aggressive and focused as if concentrating on something. The facial expressions of both the sculptures identify and collate with the whole idea of the Victorious Youth being a successor and the Riace warrior having to do with war. Also contra- posto is in effect as both the figures experience a certain degree of gyration. It is essentially a new technique in art as rigid frontal sculptures gave way to more natural poses. However, in the Victorious Youth, the hands seem to be out of proportion compared to the rest of the body. It seems as if the sculptor meant to exaggerate the hands so that the action of the youth touching his wreath is more prominent hence the whole idea of him being the winning athlete. Riace warrior- http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Arts/RiaceWarrior.htm Gardner’s Art through the Ages- A concise history.

Comparing A Midsummers Nights Dream, King Richard II, and King Lear :: comparison compare contrast essays

Relation between Nature and Man in A Midsummer's Night's Dream, King Richard II, and King Lear  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   A Midsummer's Night's Dream, King Richard II, and King Lear all represent different philosophies people hold regarding the phenomenon of their lives. The relationships between humans and outside forces differ between the plays too. A Midsummer's Night's Dream emphasizes natures part in human life. It is seen as the driving force for everything good and bad. Divine decree is the emphasis in King Richard II. The characters all seem to have a general acceptance of outcomes as what the gods wanted. Lastly, King Lear has man viewing nature as destructive and angry. He wants to control nature's fury and decide for himself what should be acceptable and legitimate. While none of these philosophies can be labeled as "wrong" or "right", each does have valid support within the given play.    The first play, A Midsummer's Night's Dream has a lot of nature metaphor is in families. The very first conversation in it has a king blaming the moon and night time for his not being able to marry. Theseus wanted to marry Hippolita right away but four moonshines were delaying him. Another example comes from Lysander. He saw roses in Hermia's cheeks and rain falling from her unhappy eyes. When Lysander wakes up and sees Helena, He decides he wants her instead of Hermia. He says, " things growing are not ripe until their season . . . [which] leads me to your eyes" (MND II, 2,100-110). He compares himself to unripe fruit or something that has not reached its final or mature stage in growth. Lysander said that he only fancied Hermia because he was young and naà ¯ve but now that he was "ripe", he wanted Helena. This is a parallel made by Lysander to nature. Not only did he believe that nature controlled all actions but he truly believed everything followed the same life pattern. Later, Lysander is confronted by Hermia and he compares her to terrible things like animals and serpents because he no longer saw her as his love but as someone he outgrew. This reference shows a part of life that is not wonderful and pretty but loathsome and dirty.    Nature is obviously a very big part in the play too because of the continual reference and almost constant presence of the fairy King Oberon and his Queen Titania.

Gurram Session Assignment

Sham C Grams Question I-Discuss how either good or poor quality affects you personally as a consumer. For instance, describe experiences in which your expectations were met, exceeded, or not met you purchased goods or services. Did your experience change your regard for the organization and/or its product? How? Response- When you consider a product or service the top notch factor that falls into consideration is Quality, be it anything from Pen in a students hand to a rocket on its way to mars should have a quality standard in order to survive.Quality may be in good or bad standard, depending upon the type of quality of the product or service provided one may personally change his idea or thought about the product. In my personal opinion I had both good and worse experiences of the products I used. Among many products I use I always look for the good quality product or service pay for. Experience 1- I am totally a gadget freak and put myself more into collecting electronic wonders an d smart phones.I bought a Sony smart phone worth 450$ back in hose time when one would hardly know what is an android phone, since Sony is way fast in releasing the smart phone's with android O. S thought to buy one for myself. I bought an Experts XSL worth 450$ and started using it. Everything was good until 5 months I really liked the phone and used to proudly display as my costly gadget, then one day Sony released a software upgrade for the phone and wanted me to update. Updated my device and it started to restart automatically, called up the customer support guys and hey proved no help to me. I tried contacting them several times but still no use finally the device stopped to start permanently and when mailed Sony about the issue they say that the device is out of warranty on the date when I send them a mail. Finally decide to start negative propaganda about Sony and still doing it. I will never ever recommend someone to Sony gadgets. Experience 2- I never shop online basically, one day I decided to give a try.I thought to buy a shirt from eBay. Com online store, went online and selected shirt for myself and then bought it with a scary thought about the quality of the product, surprisingly the quality of the shirt is great and am highly satisfied with the quality and the service provided by the online shopping giant. They also provided me a 15% discount for my next purchase. So from now on I would refer anyone to eBay. Com without having a second thought. Question 18- How can you internalize and practice quality at a personal level in your daily activities?Response- There is a wise saying that â€Å"If there is no Problem with the horse shoe, then he horse is good and if the horse is good than the race can be won easily†. If an individual follows quality and practice quality at personal level, he also puts the same practice at his work. Personal level quality practice includes like 1 . Completing tasks in given particular time 2. Reaching the desire d destination on time 3. Time management 4. Personality development 5. Maintaining accuracy 6. Planning 7. Appearance All these factors fall in developing the quality in daily activities at individual level.

In a Perfect World.

In a perfect world. You're unhappy. Chances are if you're reading this you're unhappy about something. That’s just how the world is today. People seem to always be upset about something even if it’s small your life has some conflict in it, or so it seems. Everyone you meet has some â€Å"Skelton in their closet. † People today seem to forget to stop and smell the roses. Sometimes its uncontrollable things like depression and psychological problems they can't control and is that really fair? In a perfect world everyone would be mentally stable and equal.Get the help they need. Be grateful for this truly magical thing we call life. The beautiful mystery of why and how we were created. What caused the blood to pulse through our veins the breath to move in and out of our lungs and how we can control ourselves and think in a way more superior to all other species known? The thing is people have took this advantage and used in a way not intended to be used. There is so much evil in the world today. The world has turned into something that induces fear in the pit of my heart and soul.Murder is now common, and rape is an everyday occurrence, people die every second and that could be my family or friends, depression is at an all time high, divorce is more common than not, and kids are having their own kids! The image of the perfect world is so blurry to me and I think the reason that is there’s nothing wrong with this world! The problem lies within the people who inhabit it! Our creator made this beautiful and man who sins modified it. Like a beautiful painting then man came and wrecked it scribbling and deteriorating the innate beauty.In a perfect world people would be nice to others; everyone would be kind to the world. In our world today so many people are born with disabilities that disable them a fair chance, having these disabilities present sometime helps people better off to appreciate life, sometimes they are a message and sometimes they are present for an unknown reason. Although in the big picture is that fair to THEM? These people are human beings too! We all only get one chance, you only live once. So is it fair their only chance at life is crippled by their disabilities by no fault of their own?In a perfect world the complications of this conflict would cease to exist. People today have strong beliefs about anything and everything, for example people of the Westboro Baptist church picket fallen soldiers graves! If they are members of a Christian community though they should listen to the bible and realize that is not the way the bible states something in James 4: 11-12 that I think is something to be taken to heart. â€Å"Do not speak evil against one another, brothers. The one who speaks against a brother or judges his brother, speaks evil against the law and judges the law.But if you judge the law, you are not a doer of the law but a judge. There is only one lawgiver and judge, He who is able to save an d to destroy. But who are you to judge your neighbor? † In a perfect world everyone could be who they are and not be judged or bullied. You see what I believe and what I’ve tried to show you in this report is this world is perfect, the thing that makes the world imperfect is how everyone behaves and the only way we can make it better is by bettering ourselves! So don't judge, be nice, and just try and be your best.

The History of Lighting and Lamps

The History of Lighting and Lamps The first lamp was invented around 70,000 BC. A hollow rock, shell or other natural found object was filled with moss or similar material that was soaked with animal fat and ignited. Humans began imitating the natural shapes with manmade pottery, alabaster, and metal lamps. Wicks were later added to control the rate of burning. Around the 7th century BC, the Greeks began making terracotta lamps to replace handheld torches. The word lamp is derived from the Greek word lampas, meaning torch. Oil Lamps In the 18th century, the central burner was invented, a major improvement in lamp design. The fuel source was now tightly enclosed in metal, and an adjustable metal tube was used to control the intensity of the fuel burning and intensity of the light. Around the same time, small glass chimneys were added to lamps to both protect the flame and control the flow of air to the flame. Ami Argand, a Swiss chemist is credited with first developing the principle of using an oil lamp with a hollow circular wick surrounded by a glass chimney in 1783. Lighting Fuels Early lighting fuels consisted of olive oil, beeswax, fish oil, whale oil, sesame oil, nut oil, and similar substances. These were the most commonly used fuels until the late 18th century. However, the ancient Chinese collected natural gas in skins that were used for illumination. In 1859, drilling for petroleum oil began and the kerosene (a petroleum derivative) lamp grew popular, first introduced in 1853 in Germany. Coal and natural gas lamps were also becoming wide-spread. Coal gas was first used as a lighting fuel as early as 1784. Gas Lights In 1792, the first commercial use of gas lighting began when William Murdoch used coal gas for lighting his house in Redruth, Cornwall. German inventor Freidrich Winzer (Winsor) was the first person to patent coal gas lighting in 1804 and a thermolampe using gas distilled from wood was patented in 1799. David Melville received the first U.S. gas light patent in 1810. Early in the 19th century, most cities in the United States and Europe had streets that were gaslight. Gas lighting for streets gave way to low-pressure sodium and high-pressure mercury lighting in the 1930s and the development of the electric lighting at the turn of the 19th century replaced gas lighting in homes. Electric Arc Lamps Sir Humphrey Davy  of England invented the first electric carbon arc lamp in 1801. A carbon arc lamp works by hooking two carbon rods to a source of  electricity. With the other ends of the rods spaced at the right distance, electrical current will flow through an arc of vaporizing carbon creating an intense white light. All arc lamps use current running through different kinds of gas plasma. A.E. Becquerel of France theorized about the fluorescent lamp in 1857. Low-pressure arc lights use a big tube of low-pressure gas plasma and include fluorescent lights and neon signs. First Electric Incandescent Lamps Sir Joseph Swann  of England and  Thomas Edison  both invented the first electric incandescent lamps during the 1870s. Incandescent light bulbs work in this way: electricity flows through the filament that is inside the bulb; the filament has resistance to the electricity; the resistance makes the filament heat to a high temperature; the heated filament then radiates light. All incandescent lamps work by using a physical filament. Thomas A. Edisons  lamp became the first commercially successful incandescent lamp (circa 1879). Edison received U.S. Patent 223,898 for his incandescent lamp in 1880. Incandescent lamps are still in regular use in our homes, today. Lightbulbs Contrary to popular belief, Thomas Alva Edison did not invent the first lightbulb, but rather he improved upon a 50-year-old idea. For example, two inventors that patented the incandescent light bulb before Thomas Edison did were Henry Woodward and Matthew Evan. According to the National Research Council of Canada: Henry Woodward of Toronto, who along with Matthew Evans patented a light bulb in 1875. Unfortunately, the two entrepreneurs could not raise the financing to commercialize their invention. The enterprising American Thomas Edison, who had been working on the same idea, bought the rights to their patent. Capital was not a problem for Edison: he had the backing of a syndicate of industrial interests with $50,000 to invest - a sizable sum at the time. Using lower current, a small carbonized filament, and an improved vacuum inside the globe, Edison successfully demonstrated the light bulb in 1879 and, as they say, the rest is history. Suffice it to say,  light bulbs  developed over a period of time. First Street Lamps Charles F. Brush  of the United States invented the carbon arc street lamp in 1879. Gas Discharge or Vapor Lamps American, Peter Cooper Hewitt patented the mercury vapor lamp in 1901. This was an arc lamp that used mercury vapor enclosed in a glass bulb. Mercury vapor lamps were the forerunners to  fluorescent lamps. High-pressure arc lights use a small bulb of high-pressure gas and include mercury vapor lamps, high-pressure sodium arc lamps, and metal halide arc lamps. Neon Signs Georges Claude of France invented the  neon lamp  in 1911. Tungsten Filaments Replace Carbon Filaments American,  Irving Langmuir  invented an electric gas-filled tungsten lamp in 1915. This was an incandescent lamp that used tungsten rather than carbon or other metals as a filament inside the lightbulb and became the standard. Earlier lamps with carbon filaments were both inefficient and fragile and were soon replaced by tungsten filament lamps after their invention. Fluorescent Lamps Friedrich Meyer, Hans Spanner, and Edmund Germer patented a  fluorescent lamp  in 1927. One difference between mercury vapor and fluorescent lamps is that fluorescent bulbs are coated on the inside to increase efficiency. At first, beryllium was used as a coating however, beryllium was too toxic and was replaced with safer florescent chemicals. Halogen Lights U.S. Patent 2,883,571 was granted to Elmer Fridrich and Emmett Wiley for a tungsten halogen lamp - an improved type of incandescent lamp - in 1959. A better halogen light lamp was invented in 1960 by General Electric engineer Fredrick Moby. Moby was granted U.S. Patent 3,243,634 for his tungsten halogen A-lamp that could fit into a standard light bulb socket. During the early 1970s, General Electric research engineers invented improved ways to manufacture tungsten halogen lamps. In 1962, General Electric patented an arc lamp called a Multi Vapor Metal Halide lamp.

Learn the Types of Chemical Formulas

Learn the Types of Chemical Formulas A chemical formula is an expression that states the number and type of atoms present in a molecule of a substance. The type of atom is given using element symbols. The number of atoms is indicated by a subscript following the element symbol. Chemical Formula Examples There are six C atoms and 14 H atoms in a hexane molecule, which has a molecular formula of: C6H14 The chemical formula of table salt or sodium chloride is: NaCl There are one sodium atom and one chlorine atom in each molecule. Note there is no subscript for the number 1. Types of Chemical Formulas While any expression that cites the number and kind of atoms is a chemical formula, there are different types of formulas, including molecular, empirical, structure, and condensed chemical formulas. Molecular Formula Also known as the true formula, the molecular formula states the actual number of atoms of the elements in a single molecule. For example, the molecular formula of the sugar glucose is: C6H12O6 Empirical Formula The empirical formula is the simplest ratio of the whole number of elements in a compound. It gets its name because it comes from experimental or empirical data. Its sort of like simplifying mathematical fractions. Sometimes the molecular and empirical formula are the same, such as H2O, while other times the formulas are different. For example, the empirical formula of glucose is: CH2O This is obtained by dividing all of the subscripts by the common value (6, in this case). Structural Formula Although the molecular formula tells you how many atoms of each element are present in a compound, it does not indicate the way the atoms are arranged or bonded to each other. A structural formula shows the chemical bonds. This is important information because two molecules may have shared the same number and type of atoms yet are isomers of each other. For example, ethanol (grain alcohol people can drink) and dimethyl ether (a toxic compound) share the same molecular and empirical formulas. There are different types of structural formulas, too. Some indicate the two-dimensional structure, while others describe the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms. Condensed Formula One particular variation of an empirical or structural formula is the condensed formula. This type of chemical formula is a sort of shorthand notation. The condensed structural formula may omit the symbols for carbon and hydrogen in the structure, simply indicating the chemical bonds and formulas of functional groups. The written condensed formula lists the atoms in the order in which they appear in the molecular structure. For example, the molecular formula of hexane is: C6H14 However, its condensed formula is: CH3(CH2)4CH3 ï » ¿This formula not only provides the number and type of atoms but also indicates their position in the structure.

Genetics Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Genetics - Lab Report Example Therefore, during the meiosis, four meiotic sexual haploid cells with altered heredity are produced and then genetic information is mixed. The second meiotic division is the same as mitosis one. As in mitosis, in meiotic anaphase II the single sister chromosomes (called chromatids) separate and move to opposite poles of the cell1. Meiosis is the basis of sexual reproduction because it occurs in maturing germ cells and leads to the appearing of new hereditary characteristics in the chromosomes. Gene is the coding DNA sequence that placed in the specific locus on the chromosome. Such coded chains displayed in different traits, such as color of skin or length of the stem. Allele is a variant of gene and can be dominant or recessive. For example, in diploid organism one gene contains two alleles; therefore, traits can be different. If both alleles are identical, the gene locus is homogenous. When alleles are different, such gene locus called heterogenic. A good example is the Huntington disease. Huntingtons disease has the autosomal dominant inheritance. Consequently, an affected person has at least one mutant allele of Huntingtin gene (HTT)2. The child, whose one parent is homogenous by disease, carries two different alleles of the HTT gene and is heterogenic by this gene. Therefore, this child inherited a mutant allele of HTT gene and the Huntingtons disease will progress. Another example is blood groups. Gene locus that encoded blood groups has three alleles — IA, IB, and IO3. These alleles determine compatibility of blood transfusions. The person carries one of the six possible genotypes – AA, AB, BB, AO, BO and OO. Each of genotypes produce one of the four possible phenotypes: "AB" heterozygotes, and "O" homozygotes, "A" AA homozygous and AO heterozygous and "B" BB homozygous and BO heterozygous genotypes4. Crossing-over is the process that occurs in prophase I of meiosis while homologous chromosomes

Suicide bombing and why it is a common terrorist act Essay

Suicide bombing and why it is a common terrorist act - Essay Example Early 1990's, Palestinians is trying to resist against Israeli occupation in West Bank and Gaza where young Palestinian men, and women to strap themselves with explosives making their way to Israeli Jewish areas whether crowded with soldiers or civilians and blowing themselves up killing and injuring dozens of people around them including police, men, women and children (Asad, pars 11 ). An act resulting from humiliation by the army, and/or seeking revenge for the killing or injury of a relative or a friend, desperation and frustration from the oppressive Israeli occupation, unemployment and confinement, imprisonment and torture, hopelessness, racism, discrimination, as well as other reasons , (Ateek, pars 10 ). These young people were not born "terrorists". But they are born a in the image and likeness of God. They were born human beings with love of life and freedom. But all of them, with no exception, were born under the Israeli military occupation. The only Jews they knew were Is raeli soldiers carrying guns and dehumanizing Palestinians that made them terrorist. The only thing that Palestinians wants is to end Israeli occupation and the establishment of their own state along side the state of Israel ( Ateek, pars 13 ).On the other hand, Israeli continue its oppressive and punitive measures against them killing people to assassinate Palestinian leaders and even destroying homes. Thus suicide bombings came to be perceived as a more potent tool of resistance that can reciprocate the pain and hurt they were experiencing. And as they were driven deeper into despair, their desire to hit back in any way possible grew in intensity. From a Palestinian perspective, therefore, the real sequence of the cycle of resistance has been this: Israeli occupation, Palestinian resistance, greater Israeli oppressive measures, and greater attempts on the Palestinian side to increase the resistance, and the vicious circle goes on. Their main objective and desire to take away as ma ny Israeli lives as possible using their own bodies as tanks and shells to destroy and devastate Israeli areas. If the oppressors have the heart (or should one say lose the heart) to kill women and children and to make the life of Palestinians miserable, the suicide bombers are not going to spare Israeli lives that in Islam, they called suicide bombers as "shuhada "a martyrs and its prize in depending their homeland is a paradise rather than a human military medal ( Ateek pars 22). A Muslim Perspective . There are three main reasons why suicide bombings become a more powerful phenomenon according to Hamas leader, Khaled Mash'al, namely, the religious, the nationalist or patriotic, and the humanitarian. Humanitarian suicide